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44.5c Describes how a unit in an enemy ZOC may turn directly away from the enemy stand (front edges parallel) and then move directly forward away from the enemy stand with the move distance being the sum of the turn away and the movement forwards.

Would the move distance of the turn part of the move be the length of a diagonal line through the unit (ie, due to calculating the move distance as the front corner that moves the furthest with the unit flipping 180 degrees in place)?

Yes -- we don't require complex trigonometry (measuring arc length on the unit circle), so no need to say that a 90 degree turn is actually a move of PI/2 Radians. While it would be amusing to do that (in terms of causing people who haven't done trig in years to have conniptions), the other authors keep telling me that sort of amusement alienates players and is counterproductive. Bummer.

Note that "flipping in place" isn't always the situation, also. Flipping in place is only what happens when you are already parallel to the enemy who is ZOCing you. If the enemy isn't perfectly aligned with your front edge, the situation may be otherwise.

Haha! Your ideas may violate the principle of not causing conniptions.

I was reading the rule too concretely, thanks for pointing out the broader reading of this section.